huup3000 发表于 2006-4-27 21:36:00

<P>算我一个</P>
<P>huup3000@126.com</P>

wangxuexin72092 发表于 2006-6-6 03:40:00

wangxuexin72092 发表于 2006-6-6 03:45:00

kawu 发表于 2006-6-19 06:03:00

<p><a href="mailto:kawu@21cn.com">kawu@21cn.com</a></p><p></p><p>谢谢</p>

cosinezheng 发表于 2006-6-23 00:14:00

<p><a href="mailto:ksc77@163.com">ksc77@163.com</a>, thanks a lot!</p>

tomaschen 发表于 2006-8-7 18:18:00

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 2;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">光跡法的理論分析與探討:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><ol type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">座標系統:<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">我們都知道三度空間有三個座標軸<span lang="EN-US">X,Y,與Z,但因為繪圖設備因廠家而 <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">異,就直接影響到該系統作業的軟體。我們現在使用的<span lang="EN-US">Bob Ray是採右手系統。 但是,由於我們有許多圖必須經由AutoCAD轉圖過來,因此我們將座標旋轉了 一個角度,如圖所示 <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">   <span lang="EN-US"><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" opreferrelative="t" ospt="75" coordsize="21600,21600">
                                        <stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f></formulas><path oconnecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" oextrusionok="f"></path><lock aspectratio="t" vext="edit"></lock></shapetype><shape id="_x0000_i1035" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 150pt; HEIGHT: 58.5pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/pa3_1.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif"></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></span></p><ol type="1" start="2"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">照相機的位置:<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">一張照片的好壞與否,取景是很重要的,當我們想取下我們想要的景物時,<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">我們可以移動照相機的位置,或是改變物體的大小、位置<span lang="EN-US">....等。 <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">   <span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1036" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 321.75pt; HEIGHT: 76.5pt;">
                                        <imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/pa3_2.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif"></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">假設我們不改變物體的位置,而得到圖(a),那表示物體與照相機的距<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">離太近,我們必須將物體放遠一點,使照相機與物體間的距離拉大,就可以看到更多的部分。反之,若得到如圖(c)的圖,就表示物體與照相機的距離太 遠,我們必須將物體放近一點,縮短照相機與物體間的距離即可。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><ol type="1" start="3"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">照相機的偏移與旋轉:<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">照相機擺置的位置最好是放在物體正前方。若照相機向右偏移,就會得到<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">圖(a),我們可明顯的看見圖中物體的左邊被切掉了。如果照相機向左偏移一個角度,就會得到圖(c)。同樣的若是將照相機向下偏移或向上偏移一個 角度,也會分別得到如圖(d)和圖(e)。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">   <span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1037" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 238.5pt; HEIGHT: 159.75pt;">
                                        <imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/pa3_3.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif"></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">如果照相機能夠偏移,照理也可以旋轉。和上面一樣的原理,如果我們把<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">照相機順時針旋轉<span lang="EN-US">X度,物體便會逆時針旋轉X度。 <p></p></span></span></p><ol type="1" start="4"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">照相機的視角:<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">另一個影響景物的因素就是照相機的視角了,照相機張開的視角越大,看<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">到的景物越小,反之照相機的視角越小,景物就越大。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">張開的視角越大,看到的景物越小,反之照相機的視角越小,景物就越大。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><hr align="center" width="100%" size="2"/></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1038" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 9.75pt; HEIGHT: 9.75pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/blue.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif"></imagedata></shape>光源<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">根據發光體的幾何形狀,可將光源分為點光源、線光源、面光源等。我們眼睛<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">所以能看見物體,辨認其色彩,必要條件是物體有光直接射進我們的眼睛。物體的光有兩種來源,一是本身自己會發光的發光體,一是非發光體,能反射發光體的光 ,在暗室裡是看不見非發光體的,如果非發光體不能將光反射到眼睛裡,我們仍不 能看見它。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><hr align="center" width="100%" size="2"/></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1039" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 9.75pt; HEIGHT: 9.75pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/blue.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif"></imagedata></shape>物體對光的作用<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">不管是何種光源的光,照射到物體上,必有反射、透射及吸收等現象。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">穿透作用:依程度可分<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">透明體:能讓極大多數的光通過之物質,如玻璃、水等。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">半透明體:僅部分光透過之物質,如毛玻璃、油紙等。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">不透明體:完全不透光之物質,如木、石等。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">反射作用<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">單向反射:平面鏡及磨光之金屬對光線大不分是單向的反射,小不分被吸 收。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">漫射:大不分物體表面是粗糙的,故對光線之反射是多方向的。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">折射作用:光線進入某些物體,由於速度改變,使方向發生變化。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">吸收作用:光線射入某些物體時,會被吸收。例如在深海中,即使是白晝也是 漆黑一片的,這是光被水吸收了的緣故。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><hr align="center" width="100%" size="2"/></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1040" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 9.75pt; HEIGHT: 9.75pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/blue.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif"></imagedata></shape>物體的顏色<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">不發光體的顏色是其所反射光的顏色。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">不透明體的顏色是由物質選擇吸收後所餘反射的色光來決定。如:<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">僅能反射紅色光,而吸收其它色光為紅色物體。紅色物體在白光或紅光照 射下均呈紅色,在其它色光照射 下,則呈黑色。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">能反射各色光者為白色物體。白色物體在白光照射下呈白色。在黃燈下, 很難分辨白色物體和黃色物體。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">能吸收各色光者為黑色物體。黑色物體無論以任何光照之,皆呈黑色。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">透明體的顏色是由透明體選擇吸收後,所餘透過的色光來決定,透明體經白光 照射後如能全部透過時,為無色透明體。如僅能透過紅光,則為紅色透明體。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><hr align="center" width="100%" size="2"/></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1041" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 9.75pt; HEIGHT: 9.75pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/blue.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif"></imagedata></shape>照度<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">光照射至物體上,在單位時間內,被照體單位面積所接受之光量,稱為該被照<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">體的照度。對同一被照體而言,其照度除了與光源的發光強弱有關外,還與光源至被照體間的距離有關;若光源為一點光源,則照度的大小與距離平方成反比。點光 源的光能向四方均勻幅射出去,亦即以光源為中心的等距離處的球面,其所受到的 光能量是均勻的,且發光強度越強,被照體受光面的照度越大。照度、光源的發光強度,以及光源到被照體間的距離,三者的關係可寫成:<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[照度]∞[發光強度]/[距離]^2 <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">若光源射出平行光,則光能不分散,所以照度與距離無關,這時<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">[照度]∞[發光強度] <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">被照體表面與入射光線垂直時,照度最大;若平行,則所得照度為零。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><hr align="center" width="100%" size="2"/></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1042" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 9.75pt; HEIGHT: 9.75pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/blue.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif"></imagedata></shape>光的傳遞<p></p></span></b></p><ol type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">光的直線傳播特性<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">光在均勻介質中,以直線進行,當不透明物體被光照射後,即在其後面生<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">成一黑暗區域,稱為影。影可分為本影和半影:<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><ol type="1"><ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">本影:在不透明物體後面,光完全不能到達之處,稱為本影。<span lang="EN-US">
                                                <p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">半影:在不透明物體後面,部分光不能到達之處,稱為半影。<span lang="EN-US">
                                                <p></p></span></span></li></ul></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">   <span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1043" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 164.25pt; HEIGHT: 171pt;">
                                        <imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/pa3_4.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif"></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></span></p><ol type="1" start="2"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><a name="reflect"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">光的反射<span lang="EN-US">
                                                <p></p></span></span></a></li></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="mso-bookmark: reflect;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">光射至二介質境界面時,有部分光線自界面反回原介質的現象,稱為反射<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="mso-bookmark: reflect;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">當光線照射到一良好而平坦的反射面時,平滑的反射面上,入射光線的反射會 遵守反射定律,即<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></span></p><ol type="1" start="2"><ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-bookmark: reflect;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">入射光、反射光及法線均在同一平面上,且入射光、反射光各位於法線的 兩側。<span lang="EN-US">
                                                        <p></p></span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-bookmark: reflect;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">入射角與反射角相等。<span lang="EN-US">
                                                        <p></p></span></span></span></li></ul></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="mso-bookmark: reflect;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">此反射定律適用於任何形狀的反射面。當反射面為曲面時,我們把每一條光線的射落點近旁的微小範圍視作面,而適用反射定律。如果物體表面不光滑,而是粗糙面,我們可以把它看成由許多不規則的小面積素構成的,每一個面積素對入射的光線,皆依反射定律。但因每一面積素的法線都有不同的方向,故它們反射的光線亦非同一方向,而形成所謂的漫射。白天我們能見到周圍的物體,都是漫射的結果。<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="mso-bookmark: reflect;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">   <span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1044" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 112.5pt; HEIGHT: 66pt;">
                                                <imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/pa3_5.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif"></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></span></span></p><span style="mso-bookmark: reflect;"></span><ol type="1" start="3"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><a name="refraction"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">光的折射<span lang="EN-US">
                                                <p></p></span></span></a></li></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="mso-bookmark: refraction;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">在均勻介質中,光本為直線進行,但在碰到另一界面時,在界面上的一部<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="mso-bookmark: refraction;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">分光被反射,另一部分光則透入第二介質中,透入第二介質的光線並不沿原方 向進行,而有偏折的現象,這現象稱為折射。在折射現象中,入射於界面的光線稱為入射線,其與界面之交點稱為入射點,通過入射點而垂直於界面的直線 稱為法線,從界面偏折進入第二界質的光線稱為折射線。折射現象 有下列兩個定律:<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></span></p><ol type="1" start="3"><ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-bookmark: refraction;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">入射線、折射線及界面的法線均在同一平面上,且入射線與折射線分在法 線的兩側。<span lang="EN-US">
                                                        <p></p></span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="mso-bookmark: refraction;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">入射角的正弦與折射角的正弦比是一定值。介質<span lang="EN-US">2對介質1的相對折射律 n=sinθi/sinθr如光自空氣進入水中時,其n=1.33,進入酒精中時,n=1.36, 進入玻璃時,n=1.5~1.9,視其成分而定,大多數普通玻璃的折射律為1.25 。每一物質都有一特定的n值,稱為此物質的折射律,或稱是光線從空氣 射入該物質的折射律。 <p></p></span></span></span></li></ul></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="mso-bookmark: refraction;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">   <span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1045" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 103.5pt; HEIGHT: 89.25pt;">
                                                <imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/pa3_6.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif"></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="mso-bookmark: refraction;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">※折射和</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/theory.html#reflect#reflect">反射</a>同時發生,但發生反射並不一定產生折射。<p></p></span></p><ol type="1" start="4"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">全反射<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">當光線由光密介質進入光疏介質時,其入射角大於臨界角,(臨界角是折<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">射角為<span lang="EN-US">90度時的入射角)若入射光線再請傾斜,則光線射至界面時,不能射出 空氣中而仍折反物質內,這種現象稱為全反射。 <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">   <span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1046" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 165.75pt; HEIGHT: 103.5pt;">
                                        <imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/ap3_7.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif"></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><hr align="center" width="100%" size="2"/></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1047" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 9.75pt; HEIGHT: 9.75pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/blue.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif"></imagedata></shape>面鏡成像<p></p></span></b></p><ol type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">平面鏡<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li><ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">並非只有平面鏡才能反射成像,光在兩介質的界面都有<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/theory.html#reflect#reflect">反射現象</a>而都可反 射成像。在界面也有<a href="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/theory.html#refraction#refraction">折射現象</a>,亦可折射成像。 <p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">共頂點之二平面鏡夾角為<span lang="EN-US">θ時之多次反射成像數N:令n=360/θ<br/>(1)若n為奇數┌物體不在角平分線上,則像的個數N=n<br/>      └物體在角平分線上,則像的個數N=n-1<br/>(2)若n為偶數,則像的個數N=n-1<br/>(3)若θ90,N之數目將隨物之位置而變<br/>(4)若二平面鏡平行鏡面對立,一物置於其間可成無限個像。<p></p></span></span></li></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">拋物面鏡<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">一個點光源置於拋物面鏡的焦點<span lang="EN-US">F,由F射出的光線,經鏡面反射後,將聚 <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">集於無限遠處。反之,凹拋物面鏡,可將無限遠處射來的平行光束匯聚於焦點。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><ol type="1" start="3"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">鏡口很小的球面鏡<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li><ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">若以p、q分表物距及像距,<span lang="EN-US">Ho、Hi分表物長及像長,f表焦距,r為球 面曲率半徑。<br/>(1)1/p+1/q=1/f=2/r<br/>(2)放大率M=q/p,│M│=Hi/Ho=│q/p│<p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">作圖法<span lang="EN-US"> (1)平行於主軸之光線,經凹面鏡反射後,通過焦點。平行於主軸之光線, 經凸面鏡反射後,其反方向延長線通過焦點。<br/>(2)通過凹面鏡焦點之光線,反射後與主軸平行。射向凸面鏡焦點之光線, 反射後與主軸平行。<br/>(3)通過凹面鏡球心之光線,反射後沿原路射回。射向凸面鏡球心之光線, 反射後沿原路射回。<p></p></span></span></li></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">透鏡<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li><ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">透鏡造鏡者公式<span lang="EN-US">
                                                <p></p></span></span></li></ul></ol><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1/f=(ng/nx-1)(1/r1+1/r2)<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  焦距f:若f為正,則為會聚透鏡,f為負則為發散透鏡。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>  曲率半徑r:凸面鏡取正凹面鏡取負。<br/>  ng:透鏡之折射率。<br/>  nx:周圍介質之折射率。<p></p></span></span></p><ol type="1" start="4"><ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">凸透鏡作圖法<span lang="EN-US"><br/>  (1)與主軸平行之入射光線,折射後必通過第二焦點。<br/>  (2)通過第一焦點之入射光線,折射後必與主軸平行。<br/>  (3)通過透鏡中心之入射光線不偏向。<p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">凹透鏡作圖法  <span lang="EN-US">(1)與主軸平行之入射光線,折射後其延長線通過第二焦點。<br/>  (2)射向第一焦點之入射光線,折射後必與主軸平行。<br/>  (3)通過透鏡中心之入射光線不偏向。<p></p></span></span></li></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">成像性質<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">   <span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1048" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 260.25pt; HEIGHT: 229.5pt;">
                                        <imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/table-3.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif"></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><hr align="center" width="100%" size="2"/></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1049" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 9.75pt; HEIGHT: 9.75pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/blue.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif"></imagedata></shape>波動<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">當介質某部分受到擾動時,則以擾動為中心,將此擾動由近而遠,逐漸傳至介<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">質中其他部分。傳播時介質不隨同前進,只是把能量由一處傳至他處。此種經由介質傳播擾動的現像即稱為波動。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">介質分子的運動方向,和波前進的方向垂直稱為橫波,和波前進的方向平行稱<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">為縱波。水波為橫波加縱波。在彈性固體中所產生並且傳播的波稱為彈性波,它可傳遞橫波與縱波。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><hr align="center" width="100%" size="2"/></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1050" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 9.75pt; HEIGHT: 9.75pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/blue.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif"></imagedata></shape>行進波<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">設波長為<span lang="EN-US">λ,週期為T,振幅yo,波數K=2π/λ,角頻率ω=2π/λ <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">往<span lang="EN-US">+X方向進行的正弦波之波函數為 y=yo sin(kx-ωt+Φ) 其中Φ為相角常數,若t=0時在x=0處y=0,則 y=yo sin(kx-ωt) <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">往<span lang="EN-US">-X方向進行的正弦波之波函數為 y=yo sin(kx+ωt+Φ) 其中Φ為相角常數,若t=0時在x=0處y=0,則 y=yo sin(kx+ωt) <p></p></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><hr align="center" width="100%" size="2"/></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1051" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 9.75pt; HEIGHT: 9.75pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/blue.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif"></imagedata></shape>波的反射和透射<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">水波的反射和折射<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">一直線脈動向上進行,遇一障礙物反射而回,脈動之反射部分係向右進行<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。遵守反射定律。折射時也遵守折射定律。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">二介質交界處之反射及透射<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">波由第一介質進入第二介質時,在交界處發生下列情形(<span lang="EN-US">m1、m2為每單 <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">位長度內所含之質量)<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">m1<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">m1<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">m1=m2:完全穿透,波形不顛倒。 <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">m1m2:部分反回,波形不顛倒; 部分穿透,波形不顛倒。 <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Courier New; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">m1m2:完全反回,波形不顛倒。 <p></p></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><hr align="center" width="100%" size="2"/></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1052" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 9.75pt; HEIGHT: 9.75pt;"><imagedata ohref="http://www.me.tnit.edu.tw/stud/raytrace/blue.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif"></imagedata></shape>重疊原理與干涉<p></p></span></b></p><ol type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">重疊原理:兩波在介質上相會時,質點之位移為各波單獨時位移的代數和稱之。 所形成新振幅的現象,稱為干涉。<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">相長干涉:當兩個波重疊產生干涉時合成波的振幅大於每個波的振幅。<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">相消干涉:當兩個波重疊產生干涉時合成波的振幅小於每個波的振幅。<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">兩正弦波之干涉:<span lang="EN-US">y1=yo sin(kx-ωt) 與 y2=yo sin(kx-ωt+Φ)<br/>合成波之波函數 y=y1+y2=(2yo cosΦ/2) sin(kx-ωt+Φ/2)<br/>振幅 yo'=2yo cosΦ/2 <p></p></span></span></li><ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Φ=0即兩波相同→產生相長性干涉而合成振幅為兩波原有振幅之和。 <p></p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Φ=π即兩波反相→產生相消性干涉而合成振幅為零。 <p></p></span></li></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">水波干涉<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <p></p></span></span></li><ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">第<span lang="EN-US">n條節線PnS1-PnS2=(n-1/2)λ→節線之形狀為雙曲線 <p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">波程差<span lang="EN-US">=dsinθn=(n-1/2)λ <p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">節線角<span lang="EN-US">θn:sinθn=(n-1/2)λ/d式中θn為第n節之節線角 <p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">節線數目:<span lang="EN-US">sinθn=(n-1/2)λ/d≦1→n≦d/λ+1/2以n取最大整數值代入,則 節線種數為2n <p></p></span></span></li></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">繞射:狹縫寬(或障礙物大小)<span lang="EN-US">b/水波波長λ越小→繞射越顯著 <p></p></span></span></li><ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">障礙物甚大於波長時,其後生一明顯之影<span lang="EN-US">
                                                <p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">狹縫寬度甚大於波長時,波無繞射現象<span lang="EN-US">
                                                <p></p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">障礙物甚小時,波即產生繞射<span lang="EN-US">
                                                <p></p></span></span></li></ul></ol><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">狹縫寬度甚小時,波即產生繞射 </span>

affection 发表于 2006-8-8 17:44:00

我也要....thanks!!! <a href="mailto:affection@ms70.url.com.tw">affection@ms70.url.com.tw</a>

li007 发表于 2006-8-9 18:19:00

<p>别落下我,呵呵 </p><p><a href="mailto:nanxia21@163.com">nanxia21@163.com</a></p><p>谢谢!!!!</p>

zengyan113 发表于 2006-8-13 20:26:00

<p>me too!</p><p>zengyan113@163.com</p>

zengyan113 发表于 2006-8-13 21:20:00

<p>楼上的兄弟们有收到的给我发一份!谢谢!zengyan113@163.com</p>

baishitou 发表于 2006-8-20 08:13:00

给我一份吧 不知道还送不送 啊?

change 发表于 2006-8-29 23:48:00

谁还有能传份给我啊?感谢!
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